Showing posts with label paralegals. Show all posts
Showing posts with label paralegals. Show all posts

Thursday, April 11, 2019

Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion and the Law Society of Ontario's Bencher Election


I will not be voting for any bencher candidates that do not fully and openly support equity, inclusion and diversity initiatives.  Here’s why.

I graduated from Queen’s University law school in 1983.  I was the only black student, and one of only a handful of racialized (non-white) students, in my class of 150.  One day, after I’d asked a question in a lecture, a classmate to whom I’d never spoken looked perplexed.  He asked me whether I was a foreign student.  No, I’m from Kitchener, I replied.  After second year of law school, I applied  for an articling position in Toronto.  During an interview, a partner of the firm said to me – “You’re black, you must come from a poor family.”  No, I’m from a pretty average, middle class family, I replied.  (My mother, although a single parent, was a psychology professor at the University of Guelph).  I didn’t get the articling position.  Several years into practice, a client who I was meeting for the first time looked at me, surprised, and said  “You didn’t sound black on the phone.”  Frankly, since the person was client I didn’t reply.  I just smiled (in a black sort of way).   A couple of years ago, I was attending a reception with judges of the Ontario Court of Justice, as a member of The Advocates’ Society’s board of directors.  I was the only racialized lawyer in a small group.  During introductions, one of the judges turned to me (and only me) and asked, “Are you a sole practitioner?”  No, I’m a partner in a 100 lawyer law firm I replied. 

I could go on, but you get my point.  More than 35 years later, I’m still being asked the same questions that, to some, may seem innocent, but to me are at best annoying and at worst offensive.  Whether or not they intended to so, all of these people put me in a position where I got my back up.  Suddenly, I was on the defensive, trying to justify why I was in the place that I was, doing what I was doing and speaking the way that I speak.  These questions and statements are examples of “unconscious bias”.  They made my “lived experience” so much different from the experience lived by for example, white, middle class law students from Kitchener.  

In the last two weeks of April, Ontario lawyers and paralegals will vote to elect benchers of the Law Society of Ontario (LSO).  These are the people that, over the next few years, will decide how to tackle the important issues that are presently facing the legal profession in our province.  In my view, equity, diversity and inclusion in the profession is one such issue.  The last convocation of benchers decided that the issue was important enough to establish a working group to address challenges faced by racialized licensees.  In 2016, the working group released a report that recommended a number of specific initiatives.  As one of the D&I initiatives, the LSO introduced a Statement of Principles (SOP).  Pursuant to the SOP, all licensees are required to create and abide by an individual SOP that acknowledges their obligation to promote equality, diversity and inclusion generally, and in their behaviour toward colleagues, employees, clients and the public.

Not surprisingly, following the LSO’s introduction of the SOP, there ensued a vigorous debate in the profession, including at my firm, about whether the SOP was somehow offensive because the LSO was purporting to dictate behaviour to intelligent, educated professionals.  Comments made to me went something like this:  How dare the LSO encroach on our independence and freedom of expression with some Orwellian principle?  Isn’t it trite to say that we all believe that that racism and discrimination are bad?  We don’t need the LSO to tell us that!  

Give me a break.  Sure. I agree that the LSO’s approach to the SOP is ham-fisted.  However, sometimes you need to be act with a fist to bring about change.  In my experience, attitudes simply don’t change with the passage of time.  People don’t magically become more enlightened. Real change happens because the people to whom it matters, simply refuse to accept the status quo.  If attitudes change, we’ve learned that the outward manifestation of those attitudes into meaningful action can be painstakingly slow.  It has proven to be the case in a profession that seems incredibly resistant to change.  In terms of diversity and inclusion,  the legal profession has not yet fully embraced the concept.

Racialized and other equity seeking lawyers still face disproportionate barriers in obtaining articling positions, and in the licensing process.  They continue to be underrepresented in proportion to Ontario’s population in legal workplaces and at all levels of seniority.  Lawyers like me are becoming impatient.  A speaker at a recent D&I seminar hosted by my firm told us that sometimes you need to be disruptive to accelerate the pace of change.

Inclusion is an important concept.  To feel included in the profession means a sense of pride and belonging.  It means feeling that your contributions as a member of the profession are respected and valued.  At the very least, it means not being subjected to annoying and inane comments and questions that require you to defend and justify your membership in the profession.  If the LSO doesn’t take up that cause on behalf of its licensees, who else is  going to do it?  We need to drag the profession into the 21st century, and sometimes being disruptive is the only way to accomplish that goal.

On an intellectual level, I can understand why some have a problem with the SOP.  On a practical level, I can’t fathom why some bencher candidates would invest the amount of time and energy it would take to make stopping the SOP the cornerstone of their platforms.  Whatever the reason, I will not be voting for any of them.

Regards,

Blair

Tuesday, October 15, 2013

Paralegal Offended by Justice of the Peace's Treatment, Calls Barristers Act Unconstitutional

Some lawyers, including those who practice before the Ontario Provincial Courts have becoming increasingly more vocal in expressing concern that paralegals are encroaching on what they consider to be their turf.  This turf war between lawyers and paralegals was ratcheted up a bit in the case of Lippa, et al. v. The Queen, (indexed as R. v. Lippa 2013 ONSC 4424).   
Marian Lippa has worked as a paralegal since 1998.  In 2006, the Law Society Act ("Act") was amended to create two forms of licensee - lawyers and paralegals - where previously, only lawyers were licensed to practice law in Ontario.  Much to the chagrin of many lawyers, licensed paralegals became members of the Law Society of Upper Canada ("LSUC").  Paralegals became subject to a regulatory regime that closely parallels the regime applicable to lawyers, including adherence to Rules of Professional Conduct.  They were authorized by the by-laws under the Act to provide specified legal services including representing a party before a summary conviction court.
Ms. Lippa became licensed as a paralegal by the LSUC in 2008.  She has her own paralegal firm, which employs other licensed paralegals.  On June 10, 2010, Mr. Lippa appeared in a Newmarket court as agent for counsel on two criminal cases.  The presiding justice of the peace ("JP") "reminded" her that agents were to remain behind the bar until their cases were called.  The JP said that the area in front of the bar was reserved for lawyers and law students.  The JP cited the Law Society's "protocol" and "safety reasons" and referred to it as a tradition that had existed for hundred's of years.  The JP also referred to the Crown having an opportunity to call matters in order of protocol by "elder counsel" first.
Ms. Lippa was offended and embarrassed by the JP's instructions.  She was also concerned that her company would lose business if its clients felt that they were not being defended as well they could be if they were represented by a lawyer.  In addition, her employees could not attend as many set-date appearances on a given day as they otherwise would have.  Accordingly, Ms. Lippa sought orders of certiorari and mandamus quashing the instructions of the JP and directing that the JP's court list be called on a "first come, first served" basis, subject to common sense exceptions.  She also sought declarations that the certain provisions of the Barristers Act were not mandatory or alternatively were unconstitutional.  
The matter was heard before Justice Michelle Fuerst of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.  Justice Fuerst dismissed Ms. Lippa's application.  While holding that paralegals play an important role in the delivery of cost-effective legal services in Ontario and that their status as such is deserving of respect, Justice Fuerst held that the JP was "perfectly within her jurisdiction" to give the instructions that she did.
In respect of the issue of courtroom seating, Justice Fuerst held that it is common ground that a court of criminal jurisdiction has the power to control its own process in order to maintain the integrity of that process.  Determining where individuals sit in a courtroom, particularly a busy remand courtroom, where individuals are coming and going as various cases are called, falls within the jurisdiction of a judicial officer to maintain order in the courtroom and the dignity of the proceedings.  The JP did not exceed her jurisdiction or breach the principles of natural justice in ordering that only lawyers could sit in front of the bar when court was in session.
As to the order in which cases were called, Justice Fuerst held that it was not clear that the JP was adhering to the provisions in the Barristers Act which sets out an order of precedent of members of the bar in courts of Ontario.  The regime set out in the Barristers Act anticipates a mixed list, consisting of criminal and civil matters.  Accordingly, the act has very little direct application to present day criminal courts which deal solely with criminal cases.  There are a variety of ways in which cases can be called in busy courtrooms.  No one method will necessarily be the most orderly or efficient for every courtroom in the province, nor is one necessarily better than another.  However the list is called, not every case can be given priority and inevitably some individuals will wait longer than others.  The fact that it inconvenienced Ms. Lippa and caused her to feel slighted when her matters were held down does not mean that it was contrary to the principles of natural justice or otherwise an excess of jurisdiction on the part of the JP. 
Finally, as for the alleged unconstitutionality of the Barristers Act, Justice Fuerst held that there was no breach of section 7 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in that the JP's instructions did not impinge on Ms. Lippa's life, liberty or security of the person.  The instructions may have affected Ms. Lippa's economic interest but that interest is not protected by section 7, i.e. the ability to general business revenue by one's chosen means is not a right that is protected by section 7 of the Charter.  Further, corporations and other artificial entities such as Ms. Lippa's company were excluded from section 7 protection.  
Regards,
Blair